Effect Size: Using effect size is similar to measuring the robustness or plausibility of an observed pattern. It tells us not only that there is a difference, but how big that difference is. Using effect sizes for age differences between racial groups in police shootings will not only tell us that there are significant differences, but also allow us to understand how large those differences are in terms of benefits. This helps us understand the true significance of the findings, rather than simply recognizing that the differences are not due to chance.